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See Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission, Jus Ad Bellum, Ethiopia’s Claims, Partial Award, 19 December 2005, §17 T. The use of such declarations of war has become rare. This also serves humanitarian purposes, notably the protection of enemy civilians on the territory of the state that declares war. It triggers a state of war and therefore the applicability of the four 1949 Geneva Conventions even when such a declaration is not followed by armed hostilities. A declaration of war is an explicit affirmation of the existence of a state of war between belligerents. The European Commission, through its Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations department (ECHO), promotes the global compliance with IHL and humanitarian principles in general.Classification » International armed conflictĪn international armed conflict is an armed conflict between two or more states.Ĭommon Article 2 to the four 1949 Geneva Conventions provides that they ‘apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not recognized by one of them’. Every year since then, the EU has continued to publish such reports. In 2018, it published an initial report on how they were being implemented, highlighting the wide-ranging measures the EU carries out in support of IHL. In 2009, the EU issued guidelines on promoting compliance with IHL. It stresses how important it is for the EU to continue to put the promotion and application of IHL consistently at the heart of its external action. In March 2021, the Commission adopted a Communication on the EU's humanitarian action: new challenges, same principles. The EU also is the only regional organisation to adopt (in 2005 updated in 2009) guidelines on promoting compliance with IHL. Therefore, as one of the world’s largest humanitarian donors, the EU has always been firmly committed to promoting compliance with IHL.Īll EU countries have ratified the 4 Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. As most humanitarian action takes place in areas of armed conflicts, violations of IHL greatly hinder the EU's ability to fulfil its humanitarian aid objectives of meeting the needs of those affected, and also endanger the security of EU humanitarian partners.